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Conditions

Gynecology · Reproductive health

Uterine fibroids

Understand fibroids, their assessment and the options to discuss according to symptoms and any plans for pregnancy.

Editorial publication · Medical review pending.

Understand

Fibroids are benign, non-cancerous growths arising from uterine muscle. Their number, size and position within or around the uterus vary.

Possible symptoms

Often symptom-free, they may cause heavy periods, pelvic pain or pressure, frequent urination, constipation or discomfort during sex. These symptoms can also have other causes.

Causes and associated factors

The exact cause remains unknown. Hormones and heredity play a part; a predisposition cannot predict an individual course.

Diagnosis

A pelvic examination may reveal an enlarged or irregular uterus. Imaging helps confirm fibroids, including when they cannot be detected during the examination.

Tests

Ultrasound assesses number, size and location. MRI or hysteroscopy may add information depending on the clinical question; these tests are not routine for everyone.

Course of the condition

The course varies. Fibroids often shrink after menopause. Repeated bleeding can cause anaemia; some fibroids affect fertility.

Care options

Monitoring may be enough without symptoms. Otherwise, medicines for bleeding or pain, myomectomy, embolisation or hysterectomy may be discussed. The choice considers symptoms and pregnancy plans. Hysterectomy prevents any future pregnancy.

When to consult

Seek advice if bleeding or pain disrupts daily life. Any bleeding after menopause needs assessment, even a small amount, without assuming a fibroid is the cause.

Urgent help

Severe or worsening pelvic pain, heavy bleeding, fainting or breathing difficulty: seek immediate help. Pain with fever, vomiting or possible pregnancy: seek urgent advice. A cause other than a fibroid must be considered.

Questions for your doctor

  • Where are the fibroids located?
  • Is monitoring enough?
  • What are the benefits and risks of the different options?
  • How might they affect a future pregnancy?
  • What follow-up is needed after treatment?

Continue reading

A procedure linked to a condition does not establish an indication for your individual situation.

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