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Conditions

Gynecology · Reproductive health

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Understand PCOS, prepare for assessment and discuss periods, metabolic health and pregnancy plans.

Editorial publication · Medical review pending.

Understand

PCOS is a chronic hormonal condition. The associated small ovarian follicles are not cysts that need removing. In 2026, the NHS uses the name polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS); French Assurance Maladie also uses the term SMOP.

Possible symptoms

Infrequent periods, increased hair growth, acne, hair loss or difficulty conceiving may occur. Symptoms vary and cannot establish the diagnosis alone.

Causes and associated factors

Its origins involve several factors and remain incompletely understood. A family predisposition may play a part.

Diagnosis

Assessment combines menstrual history, examination and blood tests while looking for other causes. An ovarian scan alone cannot confirm PCOS.

Tests

Hormone levels, blood glucose and lipids may be checked. Ultrasound is not always needed; adolescent diagnostic criteria differ.

Course of the condition

Follow-up also addresses diabetes risk, the uterine lining and psychological well-being. Ovulation difficulties do not mean pregnancy is impossible.

Care options

Balanced eating and physical activity can help even without weight loss. Care is tailored to periods, skin symptoms and pregnancy plans: hormonal or fertility treatments depend on assessment, with discussion of risks and contraindications.

When to consult

Seek advice for long gaps between periods, troublesome symptoms or emotional distress. You can discuss these concerns even without pregnancy plans.

Urgent help

Severe pelvic pain, fainting or heavy bleeding need immediate help. Pain with fever or possible pregnancy needs urgent advice. Do not automatically attribute it to PCOS.

Questions for your doctor

  • What findings support my diagnosis?
  • How can my uterine lining be protected if periods are infrequent?
  • Which care options suit my pregnancy plans?
  • What side effects should we discuss?
  • What metabolic follow-up and support should I expect?

Continue reading

A procedure linked to a condition does not establish an indication for your individual situation.

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