Aesthetic surgery · Body, breast and appearance

Gynaecomastia

Understand enlargement of breast tissue in men or boys and its causes.

Editorial publication · Medical review pending.

Understand

Gynaecomastia is enlargement of breast tissue in a man or boy, affecting one or both sides.

The breast or nipple may look swollen and feel tender or painful; it is often harmless.

Hormonal changes at puberty or later life, medicines, excess weight, anabolic steroids and some liver, kidney or thyroid conditions can contribute.

Assessment reviews onset, symptoms, impact and expectations, examines the area and checks for a medical cause that should be treated first.

Tests are not routine; imaging, blood tests or specialist review are selected when a change is new, painful, asymmetrical or unusual.

It often resolves in newborns or during puberty; otherwise the course depends on the cause.

Causes and medicines are reviewed and weight support offered when relevant; hormonal treatment or surgery is reserved for selected persistent cases.

Seek assessment if the concern persists, affects function or strongly affects wellbeing, to discuss benefits, limits, alternatives and risks.

A hard or one-sided lump, nipple discharge or bleeding, retraction, or skin change needs prompt medical examination.

A procedure linked to a condition does not establish an indication for your individual situation.