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Conditions

Dentistry · Oral health

Gingivitis

Understand superficial, often reversible gum inflammation without bone loss.

Editorial publication · Medical review pending.

Understand

Gingivitis is inflammation of the gum, most often related to plaque, without destruction of the bone supporting teeth.

Possible symptoms

Red, swollen or tender gums, bleeding with brushing and bad breath are common; pain may be absent.

Causes and associated factors

Plaque is the main cause; tartar, tobacco, pregnancy, medicines, dry mouth or systemic illness can modify risk.

Diagnosis

Examination looks for inflammation and bleeding and checks for deep pockets or attachment loss suggesting periodontitis.

Tests

Gum probing and medical history are often enough; X-rays are used when bone involvement is suspected.

Course of the condition

Plaque-related gingivitis is generally reversible but persistent inflammation can precede periodontitis in susceptible people.

Care options

Professional cleaning when needed, fluoride toothbrushing and regular interdental cleaning control plaque; associated factors are addressed.

When to consult

Seek dental advice if gums bleed regularly, swell, recede or bad breath persists.

Urgent help

Extensive ulcers, severe pain, fever, dying gum tissue, uncontrolled bleeding or marked illness needs prompt assessment.

Questions for your doctor

  • What exact diagnosis explains my symptoms?
  • Are the tooth, gum, bone or jaw joint affected?
  • Which options can preserve natural tissues?
  • Which benefits, limits, risks and costs should I compare?
  • What follow-up and warning signs should I plan for?

Continue reading

A procedure linked to a condition does not establish an indication for your individual situation.

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