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Conditions

Gynecology · Reproductive health

Endometriosis

Understand endometriosis, prepare for assessment and discuss care in light of pain, daily life and any plans for pregnancy.

Editorial publication · Medical review pending.

Understand

Endometriosis is a chronic condition in which tissue resembling the uterine lining develops outside the uterus. It can cause inflammation and scarring, mainly in the pelvis.

Possible symptoms

Very painful periods, pelvic pain, pain during sex, bowel movements or urination, and fatigue may occur. Some people have few symptoms. These signs alone cannot establish a diagnosis.

Causes and associated factors

The origin is not fully understood: several mechanisms are being studied. Hormones and a family predisposition may play a part. Having an affected relative does not mean you will develop the condition.

Diagnosis

Assessment considers pain, its pattern, medical history and its impact. A pelvic examination may be offered with your consent. A normal examination does not exclude endometriosis; other causes of pain are considered.

Tests

Ultrasound, sometimes followed by MRI, looks for certain lesions. Normal imaging does not exclude every form. Laparoscopy may be discussed; it is not always needed before starting care.

Course of the condition

The course varies and symptoms may return. Care aims for lasting relief without guaranteeing a cure. Follow-up reassesses symptoms, treatment tolerance and personal priorities.

Care options

Pain relief, hormonal medicines and sometimes surgery are discussed according to symptoms, risks and preferences. Psychological support and pain management may complement care. Plans for pregnancy need a specific discussion: some hormonal treatments prevent conception while used. A fertility consultation may be helpful.

When to consult

Seek advice if pain disrupts your activities or persists despite treatment. Also mention difficulty conceiving.

Urgent help

Severe or worsening pelvic pain, fainting, breathing difficulty or heavy bleeding: seek immediate help. With fever, vomiting or possible pregnancy, seek urgent advice. Do not automatically attribute new pain to endometriosis.

Questions for your doctor

  • Which tests would help in my case?
  • What if imaging is normal but pain continues?
  • What benefits and risks should I expect from the proposed care?
  • How will my pregnancy plans be considered?
  • When should treatment be reassessed and whom should I contact?

Continue reading

A procedure linked to a condition does not establish an indication for your individual situation.

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