Ophthalmology · Eye health
Dry eye disease
Understand the tear film, causes of dry eye and care of the eye surface.
Editorial publication · Medical review pending.
Understand
Dry eye disease occurs when tears are insufficient or evaporate too quickly.
Possible symptoms
Stinging, burning, grittiness, redness, intermittent blur, light sensitivity or reflex watering may occur.
Causes and associated factors
Age, contact lenses, screens, dry air, blepharitis, systemic conditions and some medicines can disturb the tear film.
Diagnosis
Assessment uses the symptom history and examination of the eyelids, cornea and tear film.
Tests
Eye-surface dyes, tear break-up time and tear measurements may help identify the mechanism.
Course of the condition
It is often long-term, with flares linked to environment or prolonged visual tasks.
Care options
Artificial tears, eyelid hygiene, screen breaks and treatment of the cause relieve most forms.
When to consult
Seek advice if symptoms persist despite simple measures or if eyelid shape changes.
Urgent help
A painful red eye, especially with contact-lens use, light sensitivity or reduced vision needs urgent assessment.
Questions for your doctor
- How will the diagnosis and stage be confirmed?
- Which part of my vision is at risk in my case?
- Which options, limits and complications should we compare?
- What eye follow-up and monitoring should I plan?
- Which visual changes require urgent assessment?
Continue reading
A procedure linked to a condition does not establish an indication for your individual situation.
Our articles
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- NHS — Dry eyes
Accessed on September 15, 2026