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Conditions

Oral and maxillofacial surgery · Face, mouth and jaws

Dentofacial deformity and malocclusion

Understand a jaw discrepancy that affects the bite, function or facial balance.

Editorial publication · Medical review pending.

Understand

A dentofacial deformity is a difference in growth or position of the upper jaw, lower jaw or both that produces an abnormal skeletal bite.

Possible symptoms

Teeth may not meet properly, with difficulty biting or chewing, dental wear, speech, breathing or lip-closure problems, and facial asymmetry.

Causes and associated factors

Craniofacial growth and genetics are often central; congenital conditions, disease or the effects of trauma may also alter jaw development.

Diagnosis

Assessment separates a mainly dental problem from a skeletal discrepancy and considers function, expectations and whether growth is complete.

Tests

Facial and bite examination, photographs, dental impressions or scans and cephalometric X-rays support planning; other tests are selected when indicated.

Course of the condition

After growth, a marked skeletal discrepancy will not usually correct itself; dental and functional effects differ between individuals.

Care options

Some forms need orthodontics alone; larger discrepancies may need orthodontics combined with orthognathic surgery, without guarantees about appearance.

When to consult

Seek assessment if the bite affects eating, speech or hygiene, or if asymmetry is changing; an orthodontist and surgeon usually plan together.

Urgent help

A longstanding discrepancy is rarely urgent; after trauma, breathing difficulty, major bleeding, numbness or a suddenly altered bite needs prompt assessment.

Questions for your doctor

  • What exact diagnosis and extent have been established?
  • Which functions—breathing, vision, chewing, speech or swallowing—are affected?
  • Which non-surgical and surgical options should we compare?
  • Which nerve, dental, functional and appearance risks should I consider?
  • What multidisciplinary follow-up will be needed?

Continue reading

A procedure linked to a condition does not establish an indication for your individual situation.

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