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Conditions

Dentistry · Oral health

Dental caries

Understand progressive tooth demineralisation, from an early lesion to a cavity and infection.

Editorial publication · Medical review pending.

Understand

Dental caries is a disease in which acids produced within bacterial plaque demineralise and then destroy tooth tissues.

Possible symptoms

Early decay is often silent; sensitivity to sweet, cold or hot foods, pain, a visible hole or staining may develop later.

Causes and associated factors

Bacteria, fermentable sugars, eating frequency, inadequate cleaning, low fluoride exposure and dry mouth all modify risk.

Diagnosis

A dentist examines tooth surfaces and distinguishes a potentially reversible early lesion from a cavity needing restoration.

Tests

Visual examination, drying and sometimes targeted X-rays assess extent; an image does not replace clinical examination.

Course of the condition

An early lesion can be arrested or remineralised; an untreated cavity may reach dentine and pulp, cause an abscess or lead to tooth loss.

Care options

Fluoride, hygiene and reducing frequent sugar intake can control early lesions; fillings, inlays, crowns, root canal treatment or extraction depend on depth.

When to consult

See a dentist for persistent sensitivity, pain, a cavity, a broken tooth or routine checks even without symptoms.

Urgent help

Facial or neck swelling, fever, difficulty swallowing or breathing, or uncontrolled pain needs urgent assessment.

Questions for your doctor

  • What exact diagnosis explains my symptoms?
  • Are the tooth, gum, bone or jaw joint affected?
  • Which options can preserve natural tissues?
  • Which benefits, limits, risks and costs should I compare?
  • What follow-up and warning signs should I plan for?

Continue reading

A procedure linked to a condition does not establish an indication for your individual situation.

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