Ophthalmology · Eye health
Cataracts
Understand clouding of the eye lens, its impact and cataract surgery.
Editorial publication · Medical review pending.
Understand
A cataract is progressive clouding of the eye’s natural lens that reduces visual quality.
Possible symptoms
Blurred vision, glare, halos, faded colours, difficulty seeing at night or frequent glasses changes may occur.
Causes and associated factors
Ageing is the main cause; diabetes, injury, previous eye surgery, high myopia, smoking or long-term steroids increase risk.
Diagnosis
An optometrist or ophthalmologist checks visual acuity and examines the lens, using dilating drops when needed.
Tests
Assessment includes vision measurement, refraction and slit-lamp examination; further measurements prepare for surgery when appropriate.
Course of the condition
Cataracts usually progress slowly and may eventually interfere with reading, driving and daily activities.
Care options
Better lighting and updated glasses may help initially; surgery replaces the cloudy lens with an implant when the impact warrants it.
When to consult
Seek an eye assessment if vision becomes cloudy or glare and visual loss interfere with daily activities.
Urgent help
Sudden vision loss, severe pain, a very red eye or flashes are not typical of cataract and need urgent assessment.
Questions for your doctor
- How will the diagnosis and stage be confirmed?
- Which part of my vision is at risk in my case?
- Which options, limits and complications should we compare?
- What eye follow-up and monitoring should I plan?
- Which visual changes require urgent assessment?
Continue reading
A procedure linked to a condition does not establish an indication for your individual situation.
Our articles
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- NHS — Cataracts in adults
Accessed on September 15, 2026