Orthopaedics · Bones, joints and movement

Bunion (hallux valgus)

Understand big-toe deformity, ease discomfort and know when surgery may be discussed.

Editorial publication · Medical review pending.

Understand

Hallux valgus is a progressive shift of the big toe towards the other toes with a prominence on the inner side of the foot.

A hard lump, redness or irritation, pain in shoes or when walking, thickened skin and overlapping toes may occur.

Foot shape and family factors contribute; narrow or high-heeled shoes may speed progression or worsen symptoms.

Examination while standing and walking assesses deformity, skin, joints and functional impact.

Weight-bearing X-rays can measure angles and joint condition, particularly when surgery is considered.

The deformity often progresses slowly; non-surgical measures ease pain but do not permanently straighten the toe.

Wide shoes, pads, insoles and pain relief may help; osteotomy is discussed when significant pain continues to limit daily life.

Seek advice if pain persists despite suitable shoes, limits activity, worsens or if you have diabetes.

Rapidly developing hot painful redness, a wound, a blue or numb toe or signs of infection need prompt assessment.

A procedure linked to a condition does not establish an indication for your individual situation.