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Conditions

Hair restoration · Hair-loss diagnosis and restoration

Alopecia areata

Understand sudden patchy hair loss caused by an immune attack on hair follicles.

Editorial publication · Medical review pending.

Understand

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks follicles and causes non-scarring loss of hair.

Possible symptoms

One or more smooth round patches often appear suddenly; eyebrows, eyelashes, beard hair or nails can also be affected.

Causes and associated factors

The exact cause is unknown; immune and inherited susceptibility contribute, with links to some autoimmune and atopic conditions.

Diagnosis

A clinician examines the patches, hairs at their edges and nails, often with a dermatoscope, and asks about medical and family history.

Tests

Blood tests or biopsy are reserved for atypical cases or when another associated condition is suspected.

Course of the condition

The course is unpredictable: hair can regrow spontaneously, loss can recur, or it can become more extensive.

Care options

Depending on age and extent, observation, topical or injected corticosteroids and specialist systemic treatments may be discussed; transplantation does not treat active disease.

When to consult

Seek assessment for any new patch or rapid spread to confirm the diagnosis and discuss psychological impact.

Urgent help

Severe psychological distress, suicidal thoughts, or a painful scalp infection requires urgent help.

Questions for your doctor

  • What is causing my hair loss?
  • Are the follicles still active or already scarred?
  • Which medical treatments should be tried or stabilised before a transplant?
  • Can my donor area support a realistic and lasting result?
  • Which scalp signs need prompt medical care?

Continue reading

A procedure linked to a condition does not establish an indication for your individual situation.

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